Olefination via Cu-Mediated Dehydroacylation of Unstrained Ketones. 2021 Dec 8;143 (48):20042-20048. doi: 10.1021/jacs.1c09587. Epub 2021 Nov 22. The dehydroacylation of ketones to olefins is realized under mild conditions, which exhibits a unique reaction pathway involving aromatization-driven C-C cleavage to remove the acyl …Cu electrodeposition is used to fill through-glass via with electrodes and use them as interconnects. However, Cu deposited on the surface requires an additional process to remove the Cu film. To solve this issue, Cu deposition on the substrate surface is suppressed to the greatest extent possible in the case of defect-free superfilling by …Three-dimensional (3D) packaging using through-Si-via (TSV) is a key technique for achieving high-density integration, high-speed connectivity, and for downsizing of electronic devices. This paper describes recent developments in TSV fabrication and bonding methods in advanced 3D electronic packaging. In particular, the authors have …Get Started. 1. Download the latest version of ViaMobile in the App Store. 2. Log in to ViaMobile app. 3. Under Settings, select "Mobile Features" and tap "Quick Balance" then select “Connect Watch”. 4. The ViaMobile icon will …The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction on Cu is widely believed to occur via two consecutive and orthogonal reaction steps, that is, CO2-to-CO and CO-to-C2+, on the same sites. Here we provide ... as low as 7.69%. Home Loans. 5-30 Year First Mortgage. Call for details. 5-15 Year Second Mortgage. Call for details. Home Equity Line of Credit. Variable interest rate. 1 Rates and terms are effective as of October 1, 2023 and are subject to change at any time without notice. This catalyst is synthesized via flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) method and engineered to confine carbon intermediates, which subsequently cover the local catalyst surface and stabilize Cu⁺ species ...Via.com Indonesia provides domestic and international flight ticketing and reservations service from the leading airline companies. 12 domestic and more than 900 international …Herein, a unique strategy via Cu + doping to achieve efficient STE emission in the alloyed lead‐free Cs 2 (Ag/Na)InCl 6 DPs is reported. A small amount (1.0 mol%) of Cu + doping results in boosted STE emission in the crystals, with photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield increasing from 19.0% to 62.6% and excitation band shifting from 310 to …ATRP involves a catalytic process using reversibly exchanged activators (typically Cu I L +, where L = ligand) and deactivators (typically X-Cu II L +, where X = halogen atoms, e.g., Cl or Br) (Scheme 2, top).Cu complexes are the most common and thoroughly-studied ATRP catalysts. [] The lower oxidation state of …In this work, we show significantly enhanced thermoelectric performance in Cu 2 SnSe 3 via a synergistic effect of Cd-doping and CuGaTe 2 alloying in the temperature range of 300–823 K. Both the electron and phonon transport properties can be simultaneously regulated by Cd doping at Sn site, leading to a higher quality factor. To get your deposit from your employer set up, simply complete the Direct Deposit Form. Please provide ViaCU's routing number [274975152] and your account number to the Federal agency that pays your benefits to set up direct deposits. Your account number can be found on your Membership Card or is the ten digit number found at the bottom of your ... Report lost/stolen VISA® credit card: During business hours: 765.674.6631 After hours: 855.553.4283 Via Credit Union Branch Location at 2232 W 2nd St, Marion, IN 46952 - Hours of Operation, Phone Number, Services, Address, Directions and Reviews. Here, we report a Cu-catalyzed degree-controlled deacylative deuteration of diverse alkyl groups with the methylketone (acetyl) moiety as a traceless activating group. The use of -methylpicolino-hydrazonamide (MPHA) promotes efficient aromatization-driven C-C cleavage. Mono-, di-, and trideuteration at specific sites can be selectively achieved.Learn how to create stunning and engaging CSS animations that are triggered when a user scrolls down a page on your website. Trusted by business builders worldwide, the HubSpot Blo...As the latest a sign of how quickly things can change in the COVID-19 era, Customs and Border Protection announced Wednesday that Trusted Traveler enrollment centers will remain cl... The 274975152 ABA Check Routing Number is on the bottom left hand side of any check issued by VIA CREDIT UNION. In some cases, the order of the checking account number and check serial number is reversed. Save on international money transfer fees by using Wise, which is up to 8x cheaper than transfers with your bank. A series of Zn 2-x Cu x GeO 4 ceramics were prepared by the solid-phase sintering method. Cu 2+ substitution for Zn 2+ facilitated the single-phase formation and benefited densification via lowering the sintering temperatures, hence thereby the microwave dielectric properties were largely improved. A representative composition …This study proposes a low-temperature transient liquid phase bonding (TLPB) method using Sn58Bi/porous Cu/Sn58Bi to enable efficient power-device packaging at high temperatures. The bonding mechanism is attributed to the rapid reaction between porous Cu and Sn58Bi solder, leading to the formation of intermetallic …Via Credit Union lobbies will open on Tuesday, February 16, 2021. Updated: February 10, 2021 . While the lobbies will be open, we will continue to offer extended services in our drive-ups for your safety and convenience. In addition, new account openings and lending needs will be available by appointment only at this …Cu and graphene oxide composites (Cu-GO) were designed by anchoring Cu + via oxygen groups in GO based on the heavy co-relationships of copper (Cu) anode electrocatalytic activity with Cu valence state. With the consumption of oxygen groups under various pyrolysis temperatures, the Cu …The ratio of Cu to O atoms (Cu: 62.6%, O: 28.9%) is close to 2:1 through the EDS elemental analysis, indicating the oxide is Cu 2 O. Especially, Cu 2 O not only appears on the surface of the Cu substrate, but also exhibits near the nano-Ag layer, forming an alternating Ag/Cu 2 O/Ag/Cu 2 O/Cu bonding structure.This study proposes a low-temperature transient liquid phase bonding (TLPB) method using Sn58Bi/porous Cu/Sn58Bi to enable efficient power-device packaging at high temperatures. The bonding mechanism is attributed to the rapid reaction between porous Cu and Sn58Bi solder, leading to the formation of intermetallic compounds with high melting ...Cu/Ni-foam electrodes remove over 95% of nitrate and maintain their performance after eight stress tests at the same level [91].The BDD (Boron-doped diamond) electrode was energized at a constant ...Here, a highly efficient kinetic resolution of chromenes was reported via Cu-catalyzed asymmetric hydroboration. This previously unidentified approach features a one-step synthesis of chiral flavan-3-ols containing two vicinal stereogenic centers via a highly efficient kinetic resolution (s factor up to 1060, >99% ee for most products). In ...The micro-via is a sandwiched structure with Cu electrolyte plating/electroless Cu plating/Cu electrolyte plating Pad, and the quality of the electroless Cu layer significantly affects the reliability of micro-via. In this work, we investigated the elemental ingredient of micro-vias which were prepared by a traditional electroless Cu plating method and a …In this work, we synthesized Cu/CeO 2 catalysts with varying amounts of Cu doping, aiming at effectively converting CO 2 into C 2+ products through electroreduction. At a copper doping level of 9.77 wt%, the catalyst exhibited a current density of 16.8 mA cm −2 using a standard H-type cell, achieving a C 2+ faradaic efficiency (FE) of 78.3 %. 274975152. 4505 SOUTH ADAMS. MARION. INDIANA. On this page We've listed above the details for ABA routing number VIA CREDIT UNION used to facilitate ACH funds transfers and Fedwire funds transfers. Online banking portal: You'll be able to get your bank's routing number by logging into online banking. The rich tapestry of Irish mythology is filled with fascinating characters and captivating tales. Among these legends, two figures stand out as iconic heroes – Cu Cullan and Fionn ...Further evaluation of other Cu(I) catalysts, including Cu(OTf)·1/2C 6 H 6, CuI, and CuTc, resulted in the one-carbon homologated pyrrylaldehyde 3a in low yields (entries 3–5).Cu(I) catalysts enable C-B bond formation via direct insertion of vinyldiazoacetates into B-H bonds of borane-phosphine Lewis adducts to form phosphine-protected allylboranes under mild conditions. The resulting allylborane-phosphine Lewis adducts can be used in the diastereoselective allylation of …An AT&T Wireless customer can transfer his AT&T cellular phone to a Verizon Wireless plan, and at the same time, keep his current cellular number. If the cellular number is eligibl...Further evaluation of other Cu(I) catalysts, including Cu(OTf)·1/2C 6 H 6, CuI, and CuTc, resulted in the one-carbon homologated pyrrylaldehyde 3a in low yields (entries 3–5).We value all comments, criticisms, and suggestions that our community may offer. Your input is invaluable to us, and we are committed to considering and …Olefination via Cu-Mediated Dehydroacylation of Unstrained Ketones. 2021 Dec 8;143 (48):20042-20048. doi: 10.1021/jacs.1c09587. Epub 2021 Nov 22. The dehydroacylation of ketones to olefins is realized under mild conditions, which exhibits a unique reaction pathway involving aromatization-driven C-C cleavage to remove the acyl …FIGURE 5 Cu,Zn-SOD modulates M1/M2 polarization via H 2 O 2 levels. A, macrophages isolated from WT and Cu,Zn-SOD Tg mice were cultured in the presence or absence of 100 units/ml PEG-CAT overnight and then treated with chrysotile asbestos. H 2 O 2 generation was measured by pHPA assay (left).Dealership Financing - Participating auto dealerships will take a credit application and forward it to a ViaCU Loan Officer. Within minutes the application will be processed, allowing you to complete loan documents at the dealership and be on your way with your new vehicle. Easy terms and low rates - Find the terms and rates that meet …Report lost/stolen VISA® credit card: During business hours: 765.674.6631 After hours: 855.553.4283Looking for the best restaurants in San Clemente, CA? Look no further! Click this now to discover the BEST San Clemente restaurants - AND GET FR There’s never a dull moment in San ... Phone Number: (765) 674-6631. Toll-Free: (877) 673-3284. Report Phone Problem. Address: Via Credit Union Hartford City Branch 310 Huggins Drive Hartford City, IN 47348. Website: Visit Website. Copper is a reddish metal with the chemical symbol of Cu. The word copper comes from the Latin “cuprum,” which means “metal from Cyprus.” In ancient times, the island of Cyprus was...A Cu/Ni bimetallic composite electrode was successfully prepared via a cathodic electrodeposition method and applied as a cathode material for nitrate removal from water. SEM, EDS, and XRD analysis results showed that Cu was successfully introduced on the surface of the Ni foam.Polystyrene is used in everyday items from sporks to take-out boxes. Read this article to learn more about polystyrene and how it's recycled. Advertisement Polystyrene is one of th...Apa pilihan pembayaran yang disediakan Via.com? Saat ini kami menyediakan pembayaran menggunakan Kartu Debit / Kartu Kredit (Master / Visa / JCB), Internet … Specialties: ViaCU offers competitive rates and terms on auto and home loans as well as great rates on savings products such as certificates. Established in 1936. ViaCU was started in the kitchen of Marion School teachers in 1936! Now, there are six branches and anyone living or working in 12 counties can take advantage of ViaCU's great products and services. Additionally, using the same Cu 2+-coordination process, a similar cellulose-Cu membrane demonstrated an OH − conductivity of just 32 mS cm −1 at room temperature (Supplementary Fig. 11b ...A step-by-step guide on how to transfer Capital One miles to 17 airline and hotel partners. Editor’s note: This is a recurring post, regularly updated with new information. It's be...A step-by-step guide on how to transfer Capital One miles to 17 airline and hotel partners. Editor’s note: This is a recurring post, regularly updated with new information. It's be...Report lost/stolen VISA® credit card: During business hours: 765.674.6631 After hours: 855.553.4283The Cu NP paste was prepared by mixing Cu NPs and solvents using ultrasonic dispersion. In Fig. 6 (d), two endothermic peaks caused by the evaporation of solvents were observed at 66 °C and 138 °C. Moreover, the weight of the Cu NP paste continuously decreased from room temperature until the solvent completely …Aparat legat via EvoTools, super ușor de utilizat, recomandare pentru cei lenesiIn comparing with the popular Ac 4 ManNAz applied as cell labels via Cu-free click chemistry, two novel azido mannosamine lipids with C6 and C12 esters on anomeric hydroxyl groups were prepared and encapsulated in a liposome delivery system, which enhanced chemical stabilities and showed good cell-metabolizable …Cu/Ni-foam electrodes remove over 95% of nitrate and maintain their performance after eight stress tests at the same level [91].The BDD (Boron-doped diamond) electrode was energized at a constant ...A professional astrologer identified the best soups based on the signs of the zodiac — to help ply your body with protein, fiber, antioxidants, and other nutrients. Who doesn’t lov... Pay My Loan. Skip a Payment. Payment Protection. Financial Calculators. ViaOnline. Pay My Loan. Locations. Download ViaMobile. Everything you'll need to get what you want. Cu 8 GeS 6 compound with room temperatures orthorhombic phase, high temperatures cubic phase and the low intrinsic lattice thermal conductivity is a potential thermoelectric material. However, its performance is limited by low electrical conductivity. In this study, p-type polycrystalline Cu 8(1-x) GeS 6 (x = 0.03, 0.05, …Login to ViaConnect. TutorialThis catalyst is synthesized via flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) method and engineered to confine carbon intermediates, which subsequently cover the local catalyst surface and stabilize Cu⁺ species ...Enantioselective Cu-catalyzed C-O cross coupling reactions yielding atropisomeric resorcinol-bearing quinazolinones have been developed. Utilizing a new guanidinylated dimeric peptidic ligand, a set of products were generated in good yields with excellent stereocontrol. The transformation was readily scalable, and a range of product ...Xiaomi announced today the Civi 4 Pro in China — the first phone with a Snapdragon 8s Gen 3 chipset. The phone packs triple Leica-branded cameras on the …Additionally, using the same Cu 2+-coordination process, a similar cellulose-Cu membrane demonstrated an OH − conductivity of just 32 mS cm −1 at room temperature (Supplementary Fig. 11b ...In comparing with the popular Ac 4 ManNAz applied as cell labels via Cu-free click chemistry, two novel azido mannosamine lipids with C6 and C12 esters on anomeric hydroxyl groups were prepared and encapsulated in a liposome delivery system, which enhanced chemical stabilities and showed good cell-metabolizable …Anionic redox chemistry is extensively studied by virtue of the promising strategy for appealing to the large capacity in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, stimulating the lattice oxygen activity generally occurs at high voltage suffering from irreversible oxygen release, transition metal ion migration, and …The Cu NP paste was prepared by mixing Cu NPs and solvents using ultrasonic dispersion. In Fig. 6 (d), two endothermic peaks caused by the evaporation of solvents were observed at 66 °C and 138 °C. Moreover, the weight of the Cu NP paste continuously decreased from room temperature until the solvent completely …But for the single Cu 1-N 2 and Cu 1-N 3 site, before reacting with the absorbed benzene molecule, the O* species at the stable C-Cu bridge and C-top sites firstly migrate to the Cu center ...Metastable cubic phase can be observed in ZrMnCr 0.5 V 0.5 and Fe-, Co-substituted alloys, while ZrNi, Cu 10 Zr 7 and Cu 8 Zr 3 phase secondary phases exist in Ni- and Cu-substituted alloys. Hydrogen storage testing results show that elemental substitution greatly improves the first activation properties of the alloys. All the five alloys can ...Ei bine, daca si tu te intrebi cand se stropesc pomii cu piatra vanata, ar trebui sa stii ca tratamentele se pot face atat in perioada de repaus vegetal, cat si in perioada de vegetatie. Bineinteles, difera forma chimica a cuprului in solutia pe care o aplici. Asadar, in perioada de repaus vegetativ se poate administra sulfatul de cupru sau ...Surface reconstruction is an effective strategy to improve the OER performance of perovskite. However, understanding the reconstruction kinetics of …In this work, we show significantly enhanced thermoelectric performance in Cu 2 SnSe 3 via a synergistic effect of Cd-doping and CuGaTe 2 alloying in the temperature range of 300–823 K. Both the electron and phonon transport properties can be simultaneously regulated by Cd doping at Sn site, leading to a higher quality factor.Via Credit Union's ViaMobile AppSOrry for the lack of details. Yes it is the latter. Here is a screenshot of the failed connection via minicom. On a further note I can connect via cu but after it says connected, it freezes my terminal and I am unable to do anything, I have to close the terminal and delete the lock file (also why I asked about the reinitialization) I can provide …The ratio of Cu to O atoms (Cu: 62.6%, O: 28.9%) is close to 2:1 through the EDS elemental analysis, indicating the oxide is Cu 2 O. Especially, Cu 2 O not only appears on the surface of the Cu substrate, but also exhibits near the nano-Ag layer, forming an alternating Ag/Cu 2 O/Ag/Cu 2 O/Cu bonding structure.SOrry for the lack of details. Yes it is the latter. Here is a screenshot of the failed connection via minicom. On a further note I can connect via cu but after it says connected, it freezes my terminal and I am unable to do anything, I have to close the terminal and delete the lock file (also why I asked about the reinitialization) I can provide …The present study takes a step towards the layer-controlled growth of graphite and other two-dimensional materials. Well-controlled multilayer graphene up to four layers thick with a defined stacking sequence is synthesized via SiC alloy formation on a Cu(111) substrate. Contact Via CU. For more information or to speak with a representative, visit the website at https://www.viacu.org/, call (765) 674-6631, or drop by any branch location. Discover your local Via CU branch in Marion, IN. Visit the Main Office location today. Enhanced Electrochemical O2 -to-H2 O2 Synthesis Via Cu-Pb Synergistic Interplay. Electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen (O2 ) to produce hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) frequently suffers from the low activity and poor selectivity of catalysts owing to the lack of systematic strategies. The resulting enhancement to enable the further design of a new ...Via Credit Union lobbies will open on Tuesday, February 16, 2021. Updated: February 10, 2021 . While the lobbies will be open, we will continue to offer extended services in our drive-ups for your safety and convenience. In addition, new account openings and lending needs will be available by appointment only at this … Make an appointment with Account Specialist: Nora Conyers. 765.733.9063. [email protected]. 1 Dividends are paid daily and posted quarterly. No penalty for early withdrawal. Funds are automatically transferred into your ViaChecking account, or mailed if the balance is $100 or more. Advertisement The marketing department must act as a guide and lead the company's other departments in developing, producing, fulfilling, and servicing products or services for the... Make an appointment with Account Specialist: Nora Conyers. 765.733.9063. [email protected]. 1 Dividends are paid daily and posted quarterly. No penalty for early withdrawal. Funds are automatically transferred into your ViaChecking account, or mailed if the balance is $100 or more. Lokasi Penyerahan Dokumen. Ikhtisar. Jika Anda telah menerima surat 221(g) dan diinstruksikan oleh Kedutaan Besar atau Konsulat Jenderal agar mengirimkan … Mail payments to ViaCU at. 4505 S Adams St. Marion, IN 46953. 1 External Transfers should be used to transfer funds only between accounts you own. To send money to another person or business, please use ViaBill Pay. Transfer requests received before 4:00 pm will be processed the next business day. Layanan Google yang ditawarkan tanpa biaya ini dapat langsung menerjemahkan berbagai kata, frasa, dan halaman web ke bahasa Indonesia dan lebih dari 100 bahasa lainnya.Established in 1936, Via Credit Union proudly calls Marion, Indiana home. For over 88 years, Via CU has been a trusted financial partner, boasting a network of 6 branches and 8 ATMs across the country.. As the 22 nd largest credit union in Indiana Via Credit Union stewards over $544.45 Million in assets and proudly serves over 37,000 loyal members.. …Lokasi Penyerahan Dokumen. Ikhtisar. Jika Anda telah menerima surat 221(g) dan diinstruksikan oleh Kedutaan Besar atau Konsulat Jenderal agar mengirimkan …A silicon Cu-photonics interposer, consisting of monolithically integrated Si modulators and Ge photodetectors, has been explored for integrated optical communication. Up to 33.7 GHz-bandwidth of this integrated circuit are enabled by …In the image acquisition process, various forms of degradation, including noise, haze, and rain, are frequently introduced. These degradations typically arise from the …Synthesis of P(VDF-HFP)-g-PMMA via Cu 0 mediated SET-CRP process. The typical graft polymerization from P(VDF-HFP) was carried out as follows. In a 100 mL three-necked flask, 1.0 g P(VDF-HFP) was added and degassed for three times with dry nitrogen-vacuum cycles. Then 35 mL deoxygenated DMSO was extracted with a syringe and …Dealership Financing - Participating auto dealerships will take a credit application and forward it to a ViaCU Loan Officer. Within minutes the application will be processed, allowing you to complete loan documents at the dealership and be on your way with your new vehicle. Easy terms and low rates - Find the terms and rates that meet …
Here we report a detailed theoretical study of the mechanism of Cu +-catalyzed domino rearrangement of 2-methyl-N-methoxyaniline with a deep understanding of the unique motivation and selectivity of these migrations.We find that the Cu + catalyst accelerates the [1,3]-methoxy migration to the methyl-bound ortho position of umpolung …. Bank purely
Via Credit Union is a credit union open for membership to anyone working or living in Blackford, Delaware, Grant, Hamilton, Howard, Huntington, Kosciusko, Madison, Miami, Tipton, Wabash or Wells counties in Indiana.This study provides an intriguing example for the development of selective and stable Cu-catalyst for the CO2 hydrogenation via metal-doping strategy. Discover the world's research 25+ million membersWhen iron (Fe) and copper sulphate (CuSO4) solution react, they undergo a single displacement reaction, also known as a substitution reaction, to form solid copper (Cu) and aqueous...The through-silicon via (TSV) approach is crucial for three-dimensional integrated circuit (3-D IC) packaging technology. However, there are still several challenges in the TSV fabrication process. One of the widely known challenges is via protrusion phenomenon. Annealing a TSV wafer makes the copper (Cu) TSVs under … ViaCU has ATMs and branches in Marion, Gas City, Hartford City, Upland and Warsaw in Indiana. Here, we report a Cu-catalyzed degree-controlled deacylative deuteration of diverse alkyl groups with the methylketone (acetyl) moiety as a traceless activating group. The use of -methylpicolino-hydrazonamide (MPHA) promotes efficient aromatization-driven C-C cleavage. Mono-, di-, and trideuteration at specific sites can be selectively achieved.Importantly the cost of ethylene production decreases from US$12,600 per ton to US$4,500 per ton using pristine Cu and Cu-NN/ionomer electrodes, respectively, which corresponds to a 64% reduction. Pay My Loan. Skip a Payment. Payment Protection. Financial Calculators. ViaOnline. Pay My Loan. Locations. Download ViaMobile. Everything you'll need to get what you want. Via.com. 09 Feb '24 - 31 Mar '24. Lihat detail promo. Indonesia. Dapatkan promo tiket pesawat murah, hotel, kereta api dan paket liburan terbaik di portal Promotion via.com …Cu/Ni-foam electrodes remove over 95% of nitrate and maintain their performance after eight stress tests at the same level [91].The BDD (Boron-doped diamond) electrode was energized at a constant ... Pay My Loan. Skip a Payment. Payment Protection. Financial Calculators. ViaOnline. Pay My Loan. Locations. Download ViaMobile. Everything you'll need to get what you want. Quaternary ammonium-based levelers for high-speed microvia filling via Cu electrodeposition. / Lee, Myung Hyun; Lee, Yoonjae; Kim, Jung Ah et al. In: Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 419, 140389, 01.07.2022. Research output: Contribution to journal › … To get your deposit from your employer set up, simply complete the Direct Deposit Form. Please provide ViaCU's routing number [274975152] and your account number to the Federal agency that pays your benefits to set up direct deposits. Your account number can be found on your Membership Card or is the ten digit number found at the bottom of your ... Login. Trouble logging In? Join. Register. Locations. Support. Have any questions? Talk with us directly using LiveChat. A professional astrologer identified the best soups based on the signs of the zodiac — to help ply your body with protein, fiber, antioxidants, and other nutrients. Who doesn’t lov... Via Credit Union Contact Information. Branch address, phone number, and hours of operation for Via Credit Union at Big Play Way, Marion IN. Name Via Credit Union Address 6033 Big Play Way Marion, Indiana, 46952 Phone 765-674-6631 Hours Attend TECHSPO Atlanta. You will hear, learn, and experience insights from emerging companies, experts, founders, and entrepreneurs. New innovations and technologies come to market...Via Credit Union's ViaMobile App ViaCU has ATMs and branches in Marion, Gas City, Hartford City, Upland and Warsaw in Indiana. Cu-BTC/rGO nanocomposite aerogels were fabricated using Cu-BTC NPs and GO nanosheets Characterization of the GO nanosheets The thickness, exfoliation state, and chemical structure of GO nanosheets used as the precursor for the fabrication of nanocomposite aerogels were characterized using AFM (Fig. 2 ….