Translation of persian - The Persian Wars, despite the title, is a wide-ranging work that reports the history and geography not only of Mesopotamia and the Caucasus, but also of southern Arabia and Ethiopia, Iran and Central Asia, and Constantinople itself. This book is equipped with notes, maps and plans, an introduction, and a translation of a further Greek text ...

 
 Texts & Literature. • LyrikLine: Persian poems, with translation (+ audio) • Petite anthologie bilingue de littérature irano-persane (Medieval texts, with transcription & translation) by Denis Matringe (2021) • Persian literature, an introduction, by Reuben Levy (1923) • Persian literature by Claude Field (1912) . .vob

You can start typing on the text area and then click on the "Translate" button. Aryanpour robust app then translates your English word, phrase, or sentence into Persian. The …Jun 13, 2016 · Translation of the Meanings of The Noble Quran in the Farsi / Persian Language This Farsi / Persian translation was sponsored by the Saudi government and is provided free. Publisher: King Fahd Complex For The Printing Of The Holy Qur’an Madinah, K.S.A. Memoirs of Babur, 1483-1530, the Mogul emperor of Hindustan. This book is a lithograph edition of the Persian translation of Bāburnāmah (Memoirs of Babur), the autobiography of Ẓahīr al-Dīn Muḥammad Bāburshāh (1483-1530), the first Mughal emperor of India. Bāburnāmah originally was written in Chagatai Turkish and was translated into Persian …Mar 5, 2021 · The translation of Shakespeare’s works started in 19th-century Iran with a handful of his works and poems. However, due to Shakespeare’s linguistic complexities, most translators embarked on translating him from a different language other than the original. Such translations were made from French, German, and Arabic. The Persian Translation tool includes online translator, translation dictionaries, text to voice online for a number of languages, multilingual virtual keyboard, online spell …Architectural texts involve a great deal of CSIs that reflect the culture of a country. Translating these CSIs from Persian into English seems one of the key issues in the translation of architectural texts. This source-oriented descriptive study tried to investigate CSIs of the Persian architecture in order to examine the extent to which the …The present study is an investigation into the Rehatsek’s (1888) English translation of proverbs of Sa‘di’s Gulistan (1258/2000), as a classical Persian masterpiece. Baker’s (2011) set of ...Sep 24, 2020 · September 24, 2020. [Editor’s Note: This week, we relaunch our monthly Bookmarks feature with a five-part series on 100 essential books by Iranian writers available in English, researched and curated by author and translator Niloufar Talebi. Read the introductory essay to the series and the first list of books here. 2) Translation of the source metaphorical expression to non-metaphor in the target language (As shown in cases 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 6a). 3) Mistranslation (As shown in cases 2a, 2b). 4) Literal translation was the very common strategy applied by two translators in translating Persian metaphors into English.تابلویی از گوستاو کلیمت، نقاش اتریشی که ۱۰۰ سال تصور می‌شد گم شده است، قرار است در وین به حراج گذاشته شود. در ...Jun 16, 2023 · Here is a list of the top Persian verbs you need to learn, along with their English translations and example sentences: 1. رفتن – to go. .من به فروشگاه رفتم (man be forushgâh raftam) – I went to the store. 2. خوردن – to eat. .صبحانه من شامل: پنیر، نان و شیر بود (sobhâneye man shâmele ... ۳ دقیقه پیش. تازه‌ترین اثر سلمان رشدی با نام «چاقو» این هفته منتشر شد. شخصی‌ترین اثر نویسنده که به ماجرای ...When the vegetables are tender, the albóndigas are gently poached in the broth for just a few minutes, bringing all of their flavor to the soup. Top with cabbage, …In this paper, efforts have been made to investigate the strategies used in translating colloquial expressions in English-language films subtitled in Persian. The colloquial expressions were classified based on the combination of taxonomies presented by McCrimmon (1963) and Holmes (1992). The data was gathered from two American …Architectural texts involve a great deal of CSIs that reflect the culture of a country. Translating these CSIs from Persian into English seems one of the key issues in the translation of architectural texts. This source-oriented descriptive study tried to investigate CSIs of the Persian architecture in order to examine the extent to which the … Translate between up to 133 languages. Feature support varies by language: • Text: Translate between languages by typing. • Offline: Translate with no internet connection. • Instant camera translation: Translate text in images instantly by just pointing your camera. • Photos: Translate text in taken or imported photos. The IMS translation was performed using the Brislin method and the translators agreed on the consistency of the Persian edition of the IMS with the original version. The results of the content validity analysis showed that the experts agreed the 27 items of the IMS had acceptable content validity, which is consistent with the original study by ... Persian translations from Greek before the 11th/17th century. The earliest extant Persian translation from the original Greek is a Gospel of Matthew now in the Vatican Library (Pers. 4), copied in nasḵ script by Masʿud b. Ebrāhim in 712/1312-13. Nothing is known about its translator or dating. Persian Translation service by ImTranslator offers online translations from and to Persian language for over 160 other languages. Persian Translation tool includes Persian online translator, multilingual on-screen keyboard, back translation, email service and much more. Yandex Translate is a free online translation tool that allows you to translate text, documents, and images in over 90 languages. In addition to translation, Yandex …A collection of postcards with paintings of the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, by Indian artist M. V. Dhurandhar. Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám is the title that Edward FitzGerald gave to his 1859 translation from Persian to English of a selection of quatrains ( rubāʿiyāt) attributed to Omar Khayyam (1048–1131), dubbed "the Astronomer-Poet of ... Quran Translation in Persian. For the reader to recognize the words of Quran. By: Ismat Ullah Nawabi M.D. Introduction. 1. Ahmadi (2017) also analyzed the translation of three novels of "lord of the flies", "the old man and the sea", and "animal farm" into Persian. As it was expected, "translation by paraphrase" was the most frequently used strategy with a percentage of 42.3%. Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages. Persian to English Translation Service can translate from Persian to English language. Additionally, it can also translate Persian into over 160 other languages. Free Online Persian to English Online Translation Service. The Persian to English translator can translate text, words and phrases into over 100 languages. Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages. Syed Hassan Kashmiri translated Bhagavad Gita in Persian language. The Bhagavad Gita often referred to as simply the Gita, is a 700-verse Hindu scripture in ...منتقد هنری. ۴ دقیقه پیش. «فسیل» که از نظر رقمی به پرفروش‌ترین فیلم تاریخ سینمای ایران بدل شده و بیش از هفت و ...Persian (/ ˈ p ɜːr ʒ ən / PUR-zhən or / ˈ p ɜːr ʃ ən / PUR-shən), also known by its endonym Farsi or Parsi (فارسی, Fārsī, [fɒːɾˈsiː] ⓘ), is a Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages.Persian is a pluricentric language predominantly spoken and used officially within Iran, Afghanistan, …May 14, 2013 · This research sought to investigate explicitation as a translation universal based on a contrastive analysis between Persian and English languages to confirm the process of explicitation and to investigate the explicitation devices adopted in the Persian translation of the conjunctions between sentences and clauses in an English text. Explicitation has been one of the most important topics in ... To cite this article: Igder, R., & Karimnia, A. (2010). Explicitation in English –into-Persian translation: A study of text type. Iranian Journal of Translation Studies, 8(29), 69-86 Explicitation in English –into-Persian translation: A study of text type Rasoul Igder, Islamic Azad University, Fars Science and Research Branch, Iran Amin Karimnia, Islamic …Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages.A Persian leopard was seen roaming near Balochistan's Nani Mandir, an important site for Hindu pilgrimage, after many years.The rare leopard was located by a …This English to Persian translator can be used by anyone that includes individuals (like students, teachers), professionals (like doctors, engineers, content writers & bloggers), or a company of any size. However, being an automated Persian translation tool, there are some restrictions. It can't be used for legal purposes.تابلویی از گوستاو کلیمت، نقاش اتریشی که ۱۰۰ سال تصور می‌شد گم شده است، قرار است در وین به حراج گذاشته شود. در ...Another common phrase when translated from English to Persian or English to Farsi is ‘sobh bekheyr’ or ‘sobh bekheir’ which means ‘good morning.’. This phrase has gotten some traffic in the English-speaking community thanks to its use in many movies in TV shows. Using the Arabic alphabet, ‘sobh bekheyr’ or ‘sobh bekheir ... Translate between up to 133 languages. Feature support varies by language: • Text: Translate between languages by typing. • Offline: Translate with no internet connection. • Instant camera translation: Translate text in images instantly by just pointing your camera. • Photos: Translate text in taken or imported photos. This article presents a description and analysis of a Persian translation and commentary of the Qurʾān, entitled Tafsīr-i munīr, by Abū Naṣr al-Ḥaddādī (d. after 400/1009), the earliest exegetical work in Persian whose author can be identified.• Text translation: Translate between 108 languages by typing • Tap to Translate: Copy text in any app and tap the Google Translate icon to translate (all languages) • Offline:... Old Persian was first written in about 600 BC in the Old Persian Cuneiform. The language had evolved into what we known as Middle Persian by about 300 BC, and was written with the Pahlavi, Manichaean and Avestan alphabets. From 800 AD the language is known as Modern Persian, and was written with the Persian of Perso-Arabic alphabet. Old Persian was first written in about 600 BC in the Old Persian Cuneiform. The language had evolved into what we known as Middle Persian by about 300 BC, and was written with the Pahlavi, Manichaean and Avestan alphabets. From 800 AD the language is known as Modern Persian, and was written with the Persian of Perso-Arabic alphabet. Aug 2, 2019 · In this study, we examine the psychometric properties of the Persian translation of the Children's Test Anxiety Scale (CTAS) using the Rasch rating scale model. In the first step, rating scale diagnostics revealed that the thresholds were disordered. To remedy this problem, two categories were colla … Persia, historic region of southwestern Asia associated with the area that is now modern Iran. The term Persia was used for centuries and originated from a region of southern Iran formerly known as Persis, alternatively as Pārs or Parsa, modern Fārs.The use of the name was gradually extended by the ancient Greeks and other peoples to …Twice, in 2000 and 2001, he received the Translation Award of the International Society for Iranian Studies, and in 2001 he received an Encyclopedia Iranica award for “services to Persian poetry.” His translation of Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh: the Persian Book of Kings was chosen as one of the “ten best books of 2006” by the …Abstract This study aimed at investigating the translation of address terms from Arabic text of the Quran (ST) into English as well as Persian translations (TTs) based on politeness principle.This translation of the Holy Bible is originally based upon Henry Martyn's translation of the Bible in Persian. After repeated updates it was finally published in the current form in 1896 and again, with new headlines in 1996 and subsequently by Elam Ministries with new headings and cross references.Persian translations from Greek before the 11th/17th century. The earliest extant Persian translation from the original Greek is a Gospel of Matthew now in the Vatican Library (Pers. 4), copied in nasḵ script by Masʿud b. Ebrāhim in 712/1312-13. Nothing is known about its translator or dating.Every society has its own culture, values, and ideology. Translations convey the meaning as well as cultural and ideological values, beliefs, ideas and norms from source culture to target culture. One type of translation which nowadays is popular among people, and can attract so many audiences in different ages is Audiovisual Translation (AVT), …English. Spanish. Arabic. Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages.Translation quality assessment is at the heart of any theory of translation. It is used in the academic or teaching contexts to judge translations, to discuss their merits and demerits and to suggest solutions. However, literary translations needs more consideration in terms of quality and clarity as it is widely read form of translation. In this respect, Persian literary … Translation of the Meanings of the Noble Qur'an - Persian Translation - Rowwad Translation Center - Translations’ Index Translation of the Quran meanings into Persian by the team of the Persian language in Rowwad Center in cooperation with Islamhouse.com Article History The paper received on: 30/01/2015 Accepted after peerreview on: 01/03/2015 Published on: 07/03/2015 Numerous frameworks and procedures have been proposed for translation. In this regard, the Newmark’s proposed procedures have been widely discussed in translation studies. Yet, few studies have ever applied his …Conducted within the comparative research model in translation studies, the present work is a descriptive-analytical corpus-based study addressing the translation of fronted themes, as the main category of marked structures, from English into Persian. The corpus built for the purpose of this study is a parallel one comprising 3500 English …English: Pronunciation: Persian: Bougainvillea: gole kâzhazi: گل کاغذی: Buttercup: âlâle: آلاله: Cactus: kâktus: کاکتوس: Carnation: mikhak: میخک۳ دقیقه پیش. تازه‌ترین اثر سلمان رشدی با نام «چاقو» این هفته منتشر شد. شخصی‌ترین اثر نویسنده که به ماجرای ...Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages.منتقد هنری. ۴ دقیقه پیش. «فسیل» که از نظر رقمی به پرفروش‌ترین فیلم تاریخ سینمای ایران بدل شده و بیش از هفت و ...Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages.This article presents the first in-depth textual analysis of the Razmnamah (Book of War), the Persian translation of the Mahabharata sponsored by the Mughal emperor Akbar in the late sixteenth century. I argue that the Razmnamah was a central literary work in the Mughal court and of deep relevance to Akbar’s imperial and political … The IMS translation was performed using the Brislin method and the translators agreed on the consistency of the Persian edition of the IMS with the original version. The results of the content validity analysis showed that the experts agreed the 27 items of the IMS had acceptable content validity, which is consistent with the original study by ... • Persian academy: Persian dictionary, words approved by the Persian language and literature Academy فرهنگستان زبان و ادب فارسی‎ → online translation: Persian-English & other …Investigating reporting verbs as a part of citation practice in the research articles published in Iranian and international journals from 2015-2019 demonstrated that the Iranian journal articles utilised more reporting verbs (RVs) than the international journal articles whereas, the international articles used RVs with a wide variety. Expand. 2.Yandex Translate is a free online translation tool that allows you to translate text, documents, and images in over 90 languages. In addition to translation, Yandex …This couplet furnishes a good illustration of the difficulty of giving a close and at the same time an intelligible translation of Persian poetry. According to native grammarians and prosodists ... Persian Translation service by ImTranslator offers online translations from and to Persian language for over 160 other languages. Persian Translation tool includes Persian online translator, multilingual on-screen keyboard, back translation, email service and much more. Old Persian was first written in about 600 BC in the Old Persian Cuneiform. The language had evolved into what we known as Middle Persian by about 300 BC, and was written with the Pahlavi, Manichaean and Avestan alphabets. From 800 AD the language is known as Modern Persian, and was written with the Persian of Perso-Arabic alphabet. Mar 5, 2021 · The translation of Shakespeare’s works started in 19th-century Iran with a handful of his works and poems. However, due to Shakespeare’s linguistic complexities, most translators embarked on translating him from a different language other than the original. Such translations were made from French, German, and Arabic. The Persian Calendar Converter is a type of calculator designed to convert dates, according to the more commonly used Gregorian Calendar, into dates according to the Persian Calendar, also known as the Iranian Calendar. By simply entering dates into the relevant fields of the Persian or Iranian Calendar Converter and clicking the “calculate ... The English translation of Gulistan in this book provided by Edward Rehatsek in 1888. This bilingual book is a prestigious tool for Persian Literature scholars and students. It is enjoyable for poetry lovers of any age. Not only will poems and stories improve your Persian language, but they’ll help your understanding of Persian culture. Translate texts & full document files instantly. Accurate translations for individuals and Teams. Millions translate with DeepL every day. Here's a look at what makes our English to Persian translator a top choice: Accuracy - The tool's algorithm is fine-tuned to understand and translate phrases and idioms accurately, maintaining the essence of the original text. Speed - Instant translations without delays make it ideal for urgent translation needs.• Text translation: Translate between 108 languages by typing • Tap to Translate: Copy text in any app and tap the Google Translate icon to translate (all languages) • Offline:...At LELB Society, which is a bilingual academy of English and Persian, our Farsi learners can access 100+ Persian short stories carefully selected from Persian literature, for instance Rumi. To teach Persian to young learners and teenagers, our team of content developers has also translated the most popular Aesop’s fables from English into ...Well, it’s simple, but not quite that straightforward. Here, we’ll breakdown the 7 meanings and uses of the Persian word joon. جان / جون After the first name. Joon (or jân, as it’s often pronounced), means “soul/spirit/life”, but it’s essentially a Persian word of endearment used after a person’s first name to mean “dear ... The IMS translation was performed using the Brislin method and the translators agreed on the consistency of the Persian edition of the IMS with the original version. The results of the content validity analysis showed that the experts agreed the 27 items of the IMS had acceptable content validity, which is consistent with the original study by ... Persian has six vowels (three short vowels, and three long vowels) plus two diphthongs. Short vowels: َ اَ is called fathe/zebar and pronounced like [a] in “cat.”. ِ اِ is called kasre/zir and pronounced like [e] in “bell.”. ُ اُ is called zammeh/pish and pronounced like the [o] in “mode.”. Long vowels:Online Translation. Persian to English Translation Service can translate from Persian to English language. Additionally, it can also translate Persian into over 160 other languages. Free Online Persian to English Online Translation Service. The Persian to English translator can translate text, words and phrases into over 100 languages.Access the Translate Document tool. Choose the language to translate from and to. Set the input language to “Detect language” if you’re unsure. Click “Choose File” and then the “Translate” button. Let Google work its magic. Download your translation. Translate PDF with Google. Get Started.Literally: I rubbed soap on my stomach. Meaning: I got my hopes up [and was ultimately let down]. How to use it: Like if you’re invited to someone’s house for dinner, and you really hope they made your … Despite the extensive research on translation and challenges on translation of figurative language, in particular idioms and proverbs, little is achieved to solve the challenges. The corpus of the study was an English translation of the novel Pinocchio and its Persian translation. The name of the novel is 'The Adventures of Pinocchio'. The aim of this case study was to explore the strategies ... 1. Simply upload a English or Persian document and click "Translate". 2. Translate full documents to and from English and instantly download the result with the original layout preserved. 3. Translate English documents to Persian in multiple office formats (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, PDF, OpenOffice, text) by simply uploading them into our free ...Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages.• Text translation: Translate between 108 languages by typing • Tap to Translate: Copy text in any app and tap the Google Translate icon to translate (all languages) • Offline:...1. Salam (سلام) Translating simply to “hello,” this is the most common greeting in Persian. Salam (سلام) literally means “peace,” and the response back would generally be the same. It is shortened from the original Arabic greeting salam-aleykom (سلام عليكم), meaning “peace be upon you,” though this full phrase can ... Translation of the Meanings of the Noble Qur'an - Persian Translation - Rowwad Translation Center - Translations’ Index Translation of the Quran meanings into Persian by the team of the Persian language in Rowwad Center in cooperation with Islamhouse.com Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages.Methods: The "forward-backward" procedure was applied to translate the SpNQ from English into Persian. The SpNQ-Persian Version (SpNQ-PV) was checked in terms of validity and reliability with a convenience sample of 100 elders with chronic diseases who were recruited from the inpatient wards at two university hospitals in Qom, Iran. This translation was made and published by the UK-based Elam Ministries, This translation is also available on E-sword and a mobile version has also been made. New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures. A translation of the New Testament in modern Persian was released by Jehovah's Witnesses in 2014. Pirouz Sayyar You need an online machine translator to quickly translate Farsi to English. We hope that our Farsi to English translator can simplify your process of translation of Farsi text, messages, words, or phrases. If you type Farsi phrase "سلام دوست من!" in input text box and click Translate Button than it is translated to English as "Hello ...Summary table of Persian Proverbs. مرغ همسایه غازه — “The Neighbour’s chicken is a goose”. هر گردی گردو نیست — “Not everything that’s round is a walnut”. هم خدا را می‌ خواهد، هم خرما را — “He/She wants both God and the date”. با یک دست نمی توان دو ...Jul 28, 2016 · The Persian text in the book is clearly legible, and the glossary at the end of the book will save the student's time. Also, the layout of the pages is well created, with the English translation being in front of the Persian text. This book is an excellent read for Persian students and people who love Persian culture.

Translate King uses Google transliteration Application Programming Interface (API) as its primary online language translation tool for seamlessly converting Turkish words into Persian. This API harnesses the cutting-edge capabilities of Google"s neural machine translation, allowing for the transformation of sentences into over 100 languages .... Typing con

translation of persian

A repository of subversive, melancholic and existentialist themes and ideas, the rubaiyat (quatrains) that make up the collected poems attributed to the 12th century Persian astronomer Omar Khayyam have enchanted readers for centuries. In this modern translation, complete with critical introduction and epilogue, Juan Cole elegantly …[A Persian translation of the message of the Universal House of Justice dated 28 November 2023 to the Bahá’ís of the world] ˆ ˙ˆ ˝ ˙ ˘ˇOur platform provides a straightforward and user-friendly approach to translating Arabic word, sentence, and paragraph into Persian. Just input your Arabic text into the left text box or paste it, then press the space bar key or translate button to instantly obtain the precise Arabic translation in the right output box.They studied the translation of two tourist guidebooks from Persian to English to analyze the kind of strategies used by translators to translate each CSI according to Newmark (1998) and to ...Sep 24, 2020 · September 24, 2020. [Editor’s Note: This week, we relaunch our monthly Bookmarks feature with a five-part series on 100 essential books by Iranian writers available in English, researched and curated by author and translator Niloufar Talebi. Read the introductory essay to the series and the first list of books here. Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages.Here are the lyrics and English translation of Bi Khabar Az To by Hojat Ashrafzadeh. bi khabaram az to / I haven’t heard from you. o man tâb nadâram / and I can’t stand it anymore. bade to khod râ be ke bâyad besepâram / after you, who should I entrust myself to. az del-e man kam nashode mehr -e to mâham / my love for you hasn’t ... English to Persian translation service by ImTranslator will assist you in getting an instant translation of words, phrases and texts from English to Persian and other languages. Free Online English to Persian Online Translation Service. The English to Persian translator can translate text, words and phrases into over 100 languages. The present study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of a Persian translation of the revised heart failure compliance questionnaire (RHFCQ) in Iranian HF sufferers. Methods: This methodological study was performed on outpatient HF individuals referred to a heart clinic in Isfahan, Iran. The forward-backward translation method was …A Persian leopard was seen roaming near Balochistan's Nani Mandir, an important site for Hindu pilgrimage, after many years.The rare leopard was located by a …Interpretation(simultaneous, consecutive, or sight) Specializing in diplomatic and legal interpretation, legal documents, and Iranian culture and literature. Available remote or in-person. Persian (Farsi) translation for courts, law firms, and attorneys including civil, criminal, family, and immigration. THE VERNACULAR QUR’AN TRANSLATION AND THE RISE OF PERSIAN EXEGESIS T R AV I S Z A D E H THE VERNACULAR QUR’AN This book examines how early juridical and theological debates on translatability and the nature of revelation and language informed the development of Persian translations and commentaries of the Qur’an. Use the free English ↔ Persian Translator from PONS! Translate words, phrases, texts instantly in 38 languages. Summary table of Persian Proverbs. مرغ همسایه غازه — “The Neighbour’s chicken is a goose”. هر گردی گردو نیست — “Not everything that’s round is a walnut”. هم خدا را می‌ خواهد، هم خرما را — “He/She wants both God and the date”. با یک دست نمی توان دو ...Translate Persian to English. Online Translation service is intended to provide an instant translation of words, phrases and texts in many languages. Whenever you need a …You need an online machine translator to quickly translate Farsi to English. We hope that our Farsi to English translator can simplify your process of translation of Farsi text, messages, words, or phrases. If you type Farsi phrase "سلام دوست من!" in input text box and click Translate Button than it is translated to English as "Hello ...منتقد هنری. ۴ دقیقه پیش. «فسیل» که از نظر رقمی به پرفروش‌ترین فیلم تاریخ سینمای ایران بدل شده و بیش از هفت و ...cultural translation strategies. That is to say, "equivalence" was the most frequent one, – 9-4456 -2019 – in an English book as a source text (ST), and its two Persian translations as target ...cultural translation strategies. That is to say, "equivalence" was the most frequent one, – 9-4456 -2019 – in an English book as a source text (ST), and its two Persian translations as target ....

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